写作规范相关的内容是很多考生和家长关心的事。英语中冒号的用法是很多同学容易搞混的地方,尤其是在项目介绍、信件开头、引号内句子等不同场景下,具体该怎么用、什么时候不该用,这些问题今天小编都整理出来了,看完对冒号的使用就能心中有数。感兴趣的网友和小编一起来看一下吧

1.介绍一个或多个项目:
Humans use five major senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.
分隔两个独立从句,第二个从句用来叙述、说明、改写或延伸第一个从句:
Martha realized that her worst fear was coming true: her son was being sent to war.
(*冒号后用独立的从句解释Martha’s fear)
2.商业书信或正式信件开头问候语:
To the Central Valley Committee Chairman:
3.其他冒号使用准则
3.1冒号后的第一个字母不要大写,除非是专有名词, is part of a quote, or is the first in a series of sentences:
错误范例: I have three desires: To eat, sleep, and work.
正确范例 : I have three desires: to eat, sleep, and work.
3.2当引号内包含多个句子,许多作者会倾向使用冒号而非逗号来引出内容:
In Chapter 3, the author explains his theory: “Dogs have dreams, but they don’t dream as humans do. Their dreams reflect a primal desire for pleasure, whereas humans are preoccupied with the ego and self-image. This is equally true in wakefulness and sleep.”
3.3接在冒号之后的内容不一定要是完整的句子,可以是单词或短语:
There is one mantra that can sum up our position towards climate change: urgent action.
4常见冒号错误
4.1分隔平等并且无相关的两个从句:
错误范例: Sarah and her friends loved spending time on the mountain: nature always held a special meaning for them.
正确范例: Sarah and her friends loved spending time on the mountain; nature always held a special meaning for them.
(*若两个从句完全无相关,则应使用句号;若第二个从句和第一个从句有某种程度相关,并且并非用来陈述、说明或改写第一个子句,则使用分号分隔)
4.2过度使用冒号:
冒号属于强调性质的标点符号,要避免过多使用。请将冒号想像为暂停标志,用来引起读者注意“Hey! Pay attention to this. This is important.” 如果路上有过多的暂停标志,则无法顺利并快速的前进,同样的道理,若文章中包含过多的冒号,读者也无法顺利阅读。
冒号主要用来吸引读者注意力并清楚的指出重要信息,许多作者会使用冒号来导出他们的重要主张或是用来支撑证明。
学术英语论文人称代词使用指南

1.一篇文章中,最容易引起注意的地方就是句首,因此避免在句子的开头使用人称代词,因为在此处使用人称代词可能会让读者失焦于其他重点。
2.搞清楚“we”这个人称代词的定义,“we” 应该只能是作者们,而不会是读者,除非你就是要写conversationalpiece而不是学术文章。因为参与整个研究与分析结果的都只有作者,而不包含读者。此处注意,如果想用 “we” 来泛指某个群体,务必在前句先定义好,例如”Asresearchers,we frequently question…”
3.尽管第一人称在现代英文使用法中,逐渐被接受了,但是第二人称”you” 依旧是不可使用的。
5.另外应该要养成一种风格与习惯:在投稿之前,先阅读该期刊最近发表的文章,以此了解最近期刊编辑所偏好,才能有助于投稿的成功率。
英语写作中分号的使用技巧与例句分析

1.当一个句子中,加入了两个或两个以上的概念(从句),而这些概念又互为平等时:
例子:The universe has always called to human beings; there could be no morefinal frontier than space.
2.当一个句子加入了两个用连接副词或转折片语连接的独立从句时:
例子:Sam thought David was inviting him to the picnic to enjoy a nice dayout; as it turned out, David was planning a surprise birthday party.
3.当一个句子中陈列出许多或一系列不同的项目,其中这些陈列的项目中包含逗号时,或者项目相对长且性质较复杂时:
例子:Our family members came all the way from Denver, Colorado; Rochester,Minnesota; and even Paris, France.
4.在句子中使用对等连接词连接两个独立从句(若两个从句已使用逗号分隔),或者当两个从句较长时:
例子:My main research objective is to isolate the cause of the disease, aswell as to contribute to the existing literature; for this will bring an end tostarvation across the continent, create new study designs related toepidemiology, and change the very paradigm of my research field.